Best On-Premises Large Language Models of 2025 - Page 3

QwQ-Max-Preview is a cutting-edge AI model based on the Qwen2.5-Max framework, specifically engineered to excel in areas such as complex reasoning, mathematical problem-solving, programming, and agent tasks. This preview showcases its enhanced capabilities across a variety of general-domain applications while demonstrating proficiency in managing intricate workflows. Anticipated to be officially released as open-source software under the Apache 2.0 license, QwQ-Max-Preview promises significant improvements and upgrades in its final iteration. Additionally, it contributes to the development of a more inclusive AI environment, as evidenced by the forthcoming introduction of the Qwen Chat application and streamlined model versions like QwQ-32B, which cater to developers interested in local deployment solutions. This initiative not only broadens accessibility but also encourages innovation within the AI community.

Mistral AI has introduced the Mistral Large 2, a sophisticated AI model crafted to excel in various domains such as code generation, multilingual understanding, and intricate reasoning tasks. With an impressive 128k context window, this model accommodates a wide array of languages, including English, French, Spanish, and Arabic, while also supporting an extensive list of over 80 programming languages. Designed for high-throughput single-node inference, Mistral Large 2 is perfectly suited for applications requiring large context handling. Its superior performance on benchmarks like MMLU, coupled with improved capabilities in code generation and reasoning, guarantees both accuracy and efficiency in results. Additionally, the model features enhanced function calling and retrieval mechanisms, which are particularly beneficial for complex business applications. This makes Mistral Large 2 not only versatile but also a powerful tool for developers and businesses looking to leverage advanced AI capabilities.

Llama 4 Behemoth, with 288 billion active parameters, is Meta's flagship AI model, setting new standards for multimodal performance. Outpacing its predecessors like GPT-4.5 and Claude Sonnet 3.7, it leads the field in STEM benchmarks, offering cutting-edge results in tasks such as problem-solving and reasoning. Designed as the teacher model for the Llama 4 series, Behemoth drives significant improvements in model quality and efficiency through distillation. Although still in development, Llama 4 Behemoth is shaping the future of AI with its unparalleled intelligence, particularly in math, image, and multilingual tasks.

Llama 4 Maverick is a cutting-edge multimodal AI model with 17 billion active parameters and 128 experts, setting a new standard for efficiency and performance. It excels in diverse domains, outperforming other models such as GPT-4o and Gemini 2.0 Flash in coding, reasoning, and image-related tasks. Llama 4 Maverick integrates both text and image processing seamlessly, offering enhanced capabilities for complex tasks such as visual question answering, content generation, and problem-solving. The model’s performance-to-cost ratio makes it an ideal choice for businesses looking to integrate powerful AI into their operations without the hefty resource demands.

Llama 4 Scout is an advanced multimodal AI model with 17 billion active parameters, offering industry-leading performance with a 10 million token context length. This enables it to handle complex tasks like multi-document summarization and detailed code reasoning with impressive accuracy. Scout surpasses previous Llama models in both text and image understanding, making it an excellent choice for applications that require a combination of language processing and image analysis. Its powerful capabilities in long-context tasks and image-grounding applications set it apart from other models in its class, providing superior results for a wide range of industries.

ESMFold demonstrates how artificial intelligence can equip us with innovative instruments to explore the natural world, akin to the way the microscope revolutionized our perception by allowing us to observe the minute details of life. Through AI, we can gain a fresh perspective on the vast array of biological diversity, enhancing our comprehension of life sciences. A significant portion of AI research has been dedicated to enabling machines to interpret the world in a manner reminiscent of human understanding. However, the complex language of proteins remains largely inaccessible to humans and has proven challenging for even the most advanced computational systems. Nevertheless, AI holds the promise of unlocking this intricate language, facilitating our grasp of biological processes. Exploring AI within the realm of biology not only enriches our understanding of life sciences but also sheds light on the broader implications of artificial intelligence itself. Our research highlights the interconnectedness of various fields: the large language models powering advancements in machine translation, natural language processing, speech recognition, and image synthesis also possess the capability to assimilate profound insights about biological systems. This cross-disciplinary approach could pave the way for unprecedented discoveries in both AI and biology.

XLNet introduces an innovative approach to unsupervised language representation learning by utilizing a unique generalized permutation language modeling objective. Furthermore, it leverages the Transformer-XL architecture, which proves to be highly effective in handling language tasks that require processing of extended contexts. As a result, XLNet sets new benchmarks with its state-of-the-art (SOTA) performance across multiple downstream language applications, such as question answering, natural language inference, sentiment analysis, and document ranking. This makes XLNet a significant advancement in the field of natural language processing.

CodeGen is an open-source framework designed for generating code through program synthesis, utilizing TPU-v4 for its training. It stands out as a strong contender against OpenAI Codex in the realm of code generation solutions.

StarCoder and StarCoderBase represent advanced Large Language Models specifically designed for code, developed using openly licensed data from GitHub, which encompasses over 80 programming languages, Git commits, GitHub issues, and Jupyter notebooks. In a manner akin to LLaMA, we constructed a model with approximately 15 billion parameters trained on a staggering 1 trillion tokens. Furthermore, we tailored the StarCoderBase model with 35 billion Python tokens, leading to the creation of what we now refer to as StarCoder. Our evaluations indicated that StarCoderBase surpasses other existing open Code LLMs when tested against popular programming benchmarks and performs on par with or even exceeds proprietary models like code-cushman-001 from OpenAI, the original Codex model that fueled early iterations of GitHub Copilot. With an impressive context length exceeding 8,000 tokens, the StarCoder models possess the capability to handle more information than any other open LLM, thus paving the way for a variety of innovative applications. This versatility is highlighted by our ability to prompt the StarCoder models through a sequence of dialogues, effectively transforming them into dynamic technical assistants that can provide support in diverse programming tasks.

Baichuan-13B is a large language model with 13 billion parameters, developed by Baichuan Intelligent as an open-source and commercially available product, succeeding the Baichuan-7B model. It has excelled in authoritative benchmarks for both Chinese and English, outperforming other models of comparable size. This release features two distinct pre-training versions: Baichuan-13B-Base and Baichuan-13B-Chat. With an impressive expansion in size, Baichuan-13B enhances its parameter count to 13 billion, building upon the foundation laid by Baichuan-7B, while training on a remarkable 1.4 trillion tokens derived from high-quality datasets, representing a 40% increase compared to LLaMA-13B. It is recognized as the open-source model in the 13B category with the most extensive training data available. Additionally, it supports bilingual capabilities in Chinese and English, utilizes ALiBi positional encoding, and boasts a context window length of 4096 tokens, making it a versatile choice for various applications in natural language processing.

Introducing the next iteration of our open-source large language model, this version features model weights along with initial code for the pretrained and fine-tuned Llama language models, which span from 7 billion to 70 billion parameters. The Llama 2 pretrained models have been developed using an impressive 2 trillion tokens and offer double the context length compared to their predecessor, Llama 1. Furthermore, the fine-tuned models have been enhanced through the analysis of over 1 million human annotations. Llama 2 demonstrates superior performance against various other open-source language models across multiple external benchmarks, excelling in areas such as reasoning, coding capabilities, proficiency, and knowledge assessments. For its training, Llama 2 utilized publicly accessible online data sources, while the fine-tuned variant, Llama-2-chat, incorporates publicly available instruction datasets along with the aforementioned extensive human annotations. Our initiative enjoys strong support from a diverse array of global stakeholders who are enthusiastic about our open approach to AI, including companies that have provided valuable early feedback and are eager to collaborate using Llama 2. The excitement surrounding Llama 2 signifies a pivotal shift in how AI can be developed and utilized collectively.

Code Llama is an advanced language model designed to generate code through text prompts, distinguishing itself as a leading tool among publicly accessible models for coding tasks. This innovative model not only streamlines workflows for existing developers but also aids beginners in overcoming challenges associated with learning to code. Its versatility positions Code Llama as both a valuable productivity enhancer and an educational resource, assisting programmers in creating more robust and well-documented software solutions. Additionally, users can generate both code and natural language explanations by providing either type of prompt, making it an adaptable tool for various programming needs. Available for free for both research and commercial applications, Code Llama is built upon Llama 2 architecture and comes in three distinct versions: the foundational Code Llama model, Code Llama - Python which is tailored specifically for Python programming, and Code Llama - Instruct, optimized for comprehending and executing natural language directives effectively.

John Snow Labs has developed a sophisticated large language model (LLM) specifically for the medical field, aimed at transforming how healthcare organizations utilize artificial intelligence. This groundbreaking platform is designed exclusively for healthcare professionals, merging state-of-the-art natural language processing (NLP) abilities with an in-depth comprehension of medical language, clinical processes, and compliance standards. Consequently, it serves as an essential resource that empowers healthcare providers, researchers, and administrators to gain valuable insights, enhance patient care, and increase operational effectiveness. Central to the Healthcare LLM is its extensive training on a diverse array of healthcare-related materials, which includes clinical notes, academic research, and regulatory texts. This targeted training equips the model to proficiently understand and produce medical language, making it a crucial tool for various applications such as clinical documentation, automated coding processes, and medical research initiatives. Furthermore, its capabilities extend to streamlining workflows, thereby allowing healthcare professionals to focus more on patient care rather than administrative tasks.

Pixtral Large is an expansive multimodal model featuring 124 billion parameters, crafted by Mistral AI and enhancing their previous Mistral Large 2 framework. This model combines a 123-billion-parameter multimodal decoder with a 1-billion-parameter vision encoder, allowing it to excel in the interpretation of various content types, including documents, charts, and natural images, all while retaining superior text comprehension abilities. With the capability to manage a context window of 128,000 tokens, Pixtral Large can efficiently analyze at least 30 high-resolution images at once. It has achieved remarkable results on benchmarks like MathVista, DocVQA, and VQAv2, outpacing competitors such as GPT-4o and Gemini-1.5 Pro. Available for research and educational purposes under the Mistral Research License, it also has a Mistral Commercial License for business applications. This versatility makes Pixtral Large a valuable tool for both academic research and commercial innovations.

At Liquid, we aim to develop highly advanced AI systems that can address challenges of varying magnitudes, enabling users to construct, utilize, and manage their own AI solutions effectively. This commitment is designed to guarantee that AI is seamlessly, dependably, and efficiently incorporated across all businesses. In the long run, Liquid aspires to produce and implement cutting-edge AI solutions that are accessible to all individuals. Our approach involves creating transparent models within an organization that values openness and clarity. Ultimately, we believe that this transparency fosters trust and innovation in the AI landscape.

Qwen2.5-1M, an open-source language model from the Qwen team, has been meticulously crafted to manage context lengths reaching as high as one million tokens. This version introduces two distinct model variants, namely Qwen2.5-7B-Instruct-1M and Qwen2.5-14B-Instruct-1M, representing a significant advancement as it is the first instance of Qwen models being enhanced to accommodate such large context lengths. In addition to this, the team has released an inference framework that is based on vLLM and incorporates sparse attention mechanisms, which greatly enhance the processing speed for 1M-token inputs, achieving improvements between three to seven times. A detailed technical report accompanies this release, providing in-depth insights into the design choices and the results from various ablation studies. This transparency allows users to fully understand the capabilities and underlying technology of the models.

DeepSeek R2 is the highly awaited successor to DeepSeek R1, an innovative AI reasoning model that made waves when it was introduced in January 2025 by the Chinese startup DeepSeek. This new version builds on the remarkable achievements of R1, which significantly altered the AI landscape by providing cost-effective performance comparable to leading models like OpenAI’s o1. R2 is set to offer a substantial upgrade in capabilities, promising impressive speed and reasoning abilities akin to that of a human, particularly in challenging areas such as complex coding and advanced mathematics. By utilizing DeepSeek’s cutting-edge Mixture-of-Experts architecture along with optimized training techniques, R2 is designed to surpass the performance of its predecessor while keeping computational demands low. Additionally, there are expectations that this model may broaden its reasoning skills to accommodate languages beyond just English, potentially increasing its global usability. The anticipation surrounding R2 highlights the ongoing evolution of AI technology and its implications for various industries.

The PaLM API offers a straightforward and secure method for leveraging our most advanced language models. We are excited to announce the release of a highly efficient model that balances size and performance, with plans to introduce additional model sizes in the near future. Accompanying this API is MakerSuite, an easy-to-use tool designed for rapid prototyping of ideas, which will eventually include features for prompt engineering, synthetic data creation, and custom model adjustments, all backed by strong safety measures. Currently, a select group of developers can access the PaLM API and MakerSuite in Private Preview, and we encourage everyone to keep an eye out for our upcoming waitlist. This initiative represents a significant step forward in empowering developers to innovate with language models.

PaLM 2 represents the latest evolution in large language models, continuing Google's tradition of pioneering advancements in machine learning and ethical AI practices. It demonstrates exceptional capabilities in complex reasoning activities such as coding, mathematics, classification, answering questions, translation across languages, and generating natural language, surpassing the performance of previous models, including its predecessor PaLM. This enhanced performance is attributed to its innovative construction, which combines optimal computing scalability, a refined mixture of datasets, and enhancements in model architecture. Furthermore, PaLM 2 aligns with Google's commitment to responsible AI development and deployment, having undergone extensive assessments to identify potential harms, biases, and practical applications in both research and commercial products. This model serves as a foundation for other cutting-edge applications, including Med-PaLM 2 and Sec-PaLM, while also powering advanced AI features and tools at Google, such as Bard and the PaLM API. Additionally, its versatility makes it a significant asset in various fields, showcasing the potential of AI to enhance productivity and innovation.

Smaug-72B is a formidable open-source large language model (LLM) distinguished by several prominent features: Exceptional Performance: It currently ranks first on the Hugging Face Open LLM leaderboard, outperforming models such as GPT-3.5 in multiple evaluations, demonstrating its ability to comprehend, react to, and generate text that closely resembles human writing. Open Source Availability: In contrast to many high-end LLMs, Smaug-72B is accessible to everyone for use and modification, which encourages cooperation and innovation within the AI ecosystem. Emphasis on Reasoning and Mathematics: This model excels particularly in reasoning and mathematical challenges, a capability attributed to specialized fine-tuning methods developed by its creators, Abacus AI. Derived from Qwen-72B: It is essentially a refined version of another robust LLM, Qwen-72B, which was launched by Alibaba, thereby enhancing its overall performance. In summary, Smaug-72B marks a notable advancement in the realm of open-source artificial intelligence, making it a valuable resource for developers and researchers alike. Its unique strengths not only elevate its status but also contribute to the ongoing evolution of AI technology.

Jamba stands out as the most potent and effective long context model, specifically designed for builders while catering to enterprise needs. With superior latency compared to other leading models of similar sizes, Jamba boasts a remarkable 256k context window, the longest that is openly accessible. Its innovative Mamba-Transformer MoE architecture focuses on maximizing cost-effectiveness and efficiency. Key features available out of the box include function calls, JSON mode output, document objects, and citation mode, all designed to enhance user experience. Jamba 1.5 models deliver exceptional performance throughout their extensive context window and consistently achieve high scores on various quality benchmarks. Enterprises can benefit from secure deployment options tailored to their unique requirements, allowing for seamless integration into existing systems. Jamba can be easily accessed on our robust SaaS platform, while deployment options extend to strategic partners, ensuring flexibility for users. For organizations with specialized needs, we provide dedicated management and continuous pre-training, ensuring that every client can leverage Jamba’s capabilities to the fullest. This adaptability makes Jamba a prime choice for enterprises looking for cutting-edge solutions.

Amazon Nova represents an advanced generation of foundation models (FMs) that offer cutting-edge intelligence and exceptional price-performance ratios, and it is exclusively accessible through Amazon Bedrock. The lineup includes three distinct models: Amazon Nova Micro, Amazon Nova Lite, and Amazon Nova Pro, each designed to process inputs in text, image, or video form and produce text-based outputs. These models cater to various operational needs, providing diverse options in terms of capability, accuracy, speed, and cost efficiency. Specifically, Amazon Nova Micro is tailored for text-only applications, ensuring the quickest response times at minimal expense. In contrast, Amazon Nova Lite serves as a budget-friendly multimodal solution that excels at swiftly handling image, video, and text inputs. On the other hand, Amazon Nova Pro boasts superior capabilities, offering an optimal blend of accuracy, speed, and cost-effectiveness suitable for an array of tasks, including video summarization, Q&A, and mathematical computations. With its exceptional performance and affordability, Amazon Nova Pro stands out as an attractive choice for nearly any application.

Pre-trained language models have made significant strides, achieving top-tier performance across multiple Natural Language Processing (NLP) applications. The impressive capabilities of GPT-3 highlight how increasing the scale of these models can unlock their vast potential. Recently, a comprehensive framework known as ERNIE 3.0 was introduced to pre-train large-scale models enriched with knowledge, culminating in a model boasting 10 billion parameters. This iteration of ERNIE 3.0 has surpassed the performance of existing leading models in a variety of NLP tasks. To further assess the effects of scaling, we have developed an even larger model called ERNIE 3.0 Titan, which consists of up to 260 billion parameters and is built on the PaddlePaddle platform. Additionally, we have implemented a self-supervised adversarial loss alongside a controllable language modeling loss, enabling ERNIE 3.0 Titan to produce texts that are both reliable and modifiable, thus pushing the boundaries of what these models can achieve. This approach not only enhances the model's capabilities but also opens new avenues for research in text generation and control.

EXAONE is an advanced language model created by LG AI Research, designed to cultivate "Expert AI" across various fields. To enhance EXAONE's capabilities, the Expert AI Alliance was established, bringing together prominent companies from diverse sectors to collaborate. These partner organizations will act as mentors, sharing their expertise, skills, and data to support EXAONE in becoming proficient in specific domains. Much like a college student who has finished general courses, EXAONE requires further focused training to achieve true expertise. LG AI Research has already showcased EXAONE's potential through practical implementations, including Tilda, an AI human artist that made its debut at New York Fashion Week, and AI tools that summarize customer service interactions as well as extract insights from intricate academic papers. This initiative not only highlights the innovative applications of AI but also emphasizes the importance of collaborative efforts in advancing technology.

Jurassic-1 offers two model sizes, with the Jumbo variant being the largest at 178 billion parameters, representing the pinnacle of complexity in language models released for developers. Currently, AI21 Studio is in an open beta phase, inviting users to register and begin exploring Jurassic-1 through an accessible API and an interactive web platform. At AI21 Labs, our goal is to revolutionize how people engage with reading and writing by integrating machines as cognitive collaborators, a vision that requires collective effort to realize. Our exploration of language models dates back to what we refer to as our Mesozoic Era (2017 😉). Building upon this foundational research, Jurassic-1 marks the inaugural series of models we are now offering for broad public application. As we move forward, we are excited to see how users will leverage these advancements in their own creative processes.